Quality evaluation and specification research of Cervus and Cucumis polypeptide injection / 中国药科大学学报

@#To investigate the freshness, high molecular weight substances, the determination of polypeptide, haemolysis and agglomeration, biological activity of Cervus and Cucumis polypeptide injection; to provide the direction for improving the quality of products for enterprises; furthermore, to provide reference for the revision of the quality standards of Cervus and Cucumis polypeptide injection. Firstly, we investigated the factors affecting the freshness of the injection, including biogenic amines, aflatoxins, the acid value and peroxide value of the melon seeds. The method of dansyl chloride pre-column derivatization-HPLC was used to determine the content of 8 biogenic amines in Cervus and Cucumis polypeptide injection. The method validation results showed good specificity, precision, linearity and recovery rates, which was suitable for the determination of biogenic amines in Cervus and Cucumis polypeptide injection. The results of sample determination showed that relatively higher concentrations of cadaverine were detected in the products from company B. The results of aflatoxins, acid value and peroxide value showed that the melon seeds from some companies had rancidity, mildew and other problems, indicating that the quality standards of multi-component biochemical drugs containing animal- and plant-derived components should be controlled in terms of freshness. Secondly, the methods for the determination of high molecular weight substances and polypeptides in the quality standard were improved. Tricine-SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used instead of gel chromatography to determine the high molecular weight substances, which improved the accuracy of determination. The kits were used instead of folin-phenol for the determination of peptide content, which is easy to operate, specific and suitable for high-throughput sample determination. Finally, the haemolysis, agglomeration, and biological activity of Cervus and Cucumis polypeptide injection were studied. The results showed that no haemolysis and agglomeration were found in all samples, and the inhibitory effect of samples on THP-1 proliferation in vitro from different companies was different to some extent. In conclusion, the optimized quality standard is more suitable for the detection of Cervus and Cucumis polypeptide injection, and can lay the foundation for improving the safety of multi-component biochemical drugs.

Serotonergic neurons of the Drosophila air-puff-stimulated flight circuit.

Monoaminergic modulation of insect flight is well documented. Recently, we demonstrated that synaptic activity is required in serotonergic neurons for Drosophila flight. This requirement is during early pupal development, when the flight circuit is formed, as well as in adults. Using a Ca2+-activity-based GFP reporter, here we show that serotonergic neurons in both prothoracic and mesothoracic segments are activated upon air-puff-stimulated flight. Moreover ectopic activation of the entire serotonergic system by TrpA1, a heat activated cation channel, induces flight, even in the absence of an air-puff stimulus.

Composition of amino acids and bioactive amines in common wines of Brazil / Composição de aminoácidos e aminas bioativas em vinhos comuns brasileiros

Since most consumed wines in Brazil are common wines and since their representativeness is not accounted for in scientific research, current study quantifies bioactive amines and their precursors in Brazilian sweet and dry common wines, correlates the formation of amines with physical and chemical parameters and clusters studied areas by their amine and amino acid contents. Forty-seven wine samples varying in type, color and origin were analyzed simultaneously for seventeen amino acids, ammonium ion and five bioactive amines by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection after the derivation phase. Physical and chemical analyses comprised titratable acidity, pH, organic acids, sugar and alcohol contents. Sweet wines had lower concentrations of amino acids and bioactive amines. Dry white wines had higher amino acid contents when compared to those in dry red wines. Since multivariate data analysis confirmed similarities between the studied regions, their unity as potential viniculture area was reinforced. Amine levels in Brazilian common wines were reported for the first time and results reinforced the importance of bioactive amines quantification and the use of suitable vinification practices to reduce their formation.

Considerando que os vinhos mais consumidos no Brasil são vinhos comuns e que sua representatividade não é demonstrada na pesquisa científica, o presente estudo tem por objetivo quantificar as aminas bioativas e seus precursores em vinhos comuns brasileiros suaves e secos, correlacionar a formação das aminas com parâmetros físico-químicos e agrupar as áreas estudadas por meio do seu conteúdo em aminas e aminoácidos. Foram analisadas 47 amostras de vinhos que variam quanto ao tipo, cor e origem; foram analisados, simultaneamente, 17 aminoácidos, íon amônio e cinco aminas bioativas por cromatografia líquida de fase reversa depois de uma etapa de derivatização. Análises físico-químicas incluíram acidez total, pH, ácidos orgânicos, açúcar e teor alcoólico. Os vinhos doces tiveram menor concentração de aminoácidos e aminas bioativas. Os vinhos brancos secos apresentaram maior conteúdo em aminoácidos quando comparados com os apresentados nos vinhos tintos secos. Uma vez que a análise multivariada confirmou similaridades entre as regiões estudadas, sua unidade como uma área potencial para a vinicultura foi reforçada. Os níveis de aminas em vinhos comuns brasileiros foram reportados pela primeira vez e os resultados reforçam a importância da quantificação de aminas bioativas e o uso de práticas apropriadas de vinificação para reduzir a sua formação.

A Case of Corrosive Gastritis Caused by Salt-fermented Northern Sand Lance / 대한소화기내시경학회지

We experienced a case of an 18-year-old woman who ingested salt-fermented northern sand lance and developed corrosive gastritis. The patient underwent a esophagogastroscopy and had developed a deep ulceration in the antrum. This cases shows that salt-fermented northern sand lance, which is very acidic and includes various biogenic amines, has the possibility of inducing a corrosive injury to the stomach.

Aminas biógenas y bacterias en salchichón tipo milano: Efecto del tiempo de almacenamiento / Bacterial and Biogenic Amines in Milano Type Sausage: Storage Time Effect

La presencia de aminoácidos libres, bacterias descarboxilantes, temperatura y tiempo de almacenamiento son factores que favorecen la formación de aminas biógenas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto del tiempo de almacenamiento sobre la presencia de aminas biógenas y bacterias en salchichones tipo milano. Se utilizaron 9 salchichones enteros de tres marcas comerciales (tres unidades por marca), con fecha de vencimiento de dos meses. Las muestras se analizaron 60, 30 y 0 días antes del vencimiento. Se determinaron aminas biógenas por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC), recuento de bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL), enterococos (ENTC) y enterobacterias (ENTB) según ICMSF. En la marca 1 se observó una disminución significativa (P < 0,05) del número de BAL entre los muestreos, la marca 2 se mantuvo constante, mientras que la marca 3 aumentó significativamente (P < 0,05) entre el primer y segundo muestreo, para mantenerse constante hasta el vencimiento. No hubo diferencias significativas en los ENTC de las marcas 1 y 3, mientras que en la marca 2 se encontraron diferencias significativas (P < 0,05) entre la primera fecha y las dos últimas, en las que se incrementó el número de UFC. Los factores marca, tiempo de almacenamiento e interacción de ambos tuvieron un efecto significativo (P < 0,05) sobre el contenido de aminas biógenas, ENTC y BAL. Durante el almacenamiento BAL predominó sobre ENTC. No se encontraron ENTB. Se detectó la presencia de tiramina, histamina, cadaverina y putrescina; las concentraciones de tiramina e histamina encontradas podrían producir intoxicación alimentaria en individuos susceptibles.

Free aminoacids presence, decarboxilating bacteria, temperature and storage time may induce biogenic amine formation. The objective of this research was to determine storage time effect on biogenic amine and bacteria presence in milano type sausage. Nine (9) complete sausages of three brands (3 units per brand) were used, two months from expiration date. Samples were analyzed 60, 30 and 0 days before expiration. Biogenic amines were determined by means of liquid chromatography (HPLC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), enterococci (ENTC) and enterobacteria (ENTB) according to ICMSF. In brand 1 a significant diminishment (P < 0.05) in LAB number, brand 2 remain stable, meanwhile brand 3 raised significantly (P < 0.05) between first and second sampling, and kept this values until expiration date. There were no significant differences in ENTC of brands 1 and 3, but in brand 2, the number raised, and significant differences (P < 0.05) between first and later dates were found. Brand and storage time and interaction between them had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on biogenic amine content, ENTC and LAB. LAB was higher than ENTC during storage. ENTB were not found. Tiramine, histamine, cadaverin and putrescine were detected; tiramine and histamine concentrations could produce a food poisoning in susceptible individuals.

Association between the Genetic Polymorphisms of the Biogenic Amine Transporters and the Antidepressant Responsiveness in Korean Depressed Patients / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVE: Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is a key synaptic regulator of serotonergic neurotransmission and a major site of action of most antidepressants. The functional polymorphism of 5-HTT gene is reported to be associated with antidepressant responsiveness. Norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine transporter (DAT) are also the targets for antidepressant drugs, and these biogenic amine transporters share a similar structure and mode of action as 5-HTT. We investigated the association between genetic polymorphisms of biogenic amine transporters and antidepressant response. METHODS: We genotyped 203 patients with major depressive disorder and 147 normal controls, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of genomic DNA with primers flanking the second intron and promoter regions of 5-HTT gene, and the 3' untranslated region of DAT. NET-1 (Thr99Ile) and NET-8 (1287 G/A) polymorphism were characterized by amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) analysis. RESULTS: VNTR polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of DAT (p=0.020) was associated with a diagnosis of depression, but was influenced by age effect. We found that NET-8 polymorphism (p=0.015) in NET gene had significant associations with antidepressant response, as did the allelic variations of the promoter (p<0.0001) and intron2 (p=0.023) region in 5-HTT gene. The choice of drug had no effect on drug responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that allelic variations of 5-HTT and NET genes affect the antidepressant responsiveness.

Relationship of the Changes in Biogenic Amines to Nitric Oxide and Oxygen Free Radicals During Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion

Recently oxygen free radicals and nitric oxide (NO) are known to play an important role in neuronal reperfusion injury. This study was aimed to investigate the role of oxygen f ree radicals and NO during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, using dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), an oxygen f ree radical scavenger and a competitive NOS inhibitor respectively. In the in vivo experiment, the ischemia/reperfusion-induced changes of cerebral biogenic amines were examined in Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) pre-treated with NMMA and/or DMTU. To induce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, bilateral common carotid arteries were clamped for 10 minutes and then released for 15 minutes. The biogenic amines were measured by using HPLC-ECD(High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrochemical detection). To confirm the results from the in vivo experiments, the effect of NMMA and/or DMTU on [3H]dopamine release from striatal slices exposed to hypoxia was investigated. The results are as follows; 1) Ischemia/reperfusion increased the ratio of DOPAC/dopamine and HVA/dopamine as well as the concentrations of DOPAC and HVA, which were evident only in corpus striatum. 2) NMMA attenuated the ischemia/reperfusion-induced increase in the ratio of DOPAC/dopamine in corpus striatum. However, the change of DOPAC or HVA was minimal. 3) DMTU attenuated the ischemia/reperfusion-induced increase of DOPAC and HVA, and the ratio ofDOPAC / dopa- mine and HVA/dopamine in corpus striatum. 4) Simultaneous pre-treatment with NMMA and DMTU attenuated the ischemia/reperfusion-induced increase of DOPAC and HVA, and the ratio Of DOPAC/dopamine and HVA/dopamine in corpus striatum. The extent of attenuation was greater than the single treatment group with NMMA or DMTU. 5) Exposure to hypoxia markedly increased the release of [3H]dopamine in the striatal slices. 6) The administration of either NMMA or DMTU attenuated the increase of [3H]dopamine release induced by hypoxia in the striatal slices. 7) The administration of both NMMA or DMTU markedly attenuated the increase of [3H]dopamine release induced by hypoxia to the extent of the control in the striatal slices. These results suggest that oxygen free radicals play an important role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, for which NO seems to be responsible.

Effects of high-dose glucocorticoid on monoamine neurotransmitters in brain after cardiopulmonary resuscitation / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To examine if high-dose glucocorticoid has any cerebral protective effects aftercardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods Twenty-one healthy mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 10 .5-15 kg weresubjected to cerebral ischemia using Pittsburgh standard ventricular fibrillation-cardiac arrest (VF-CA) model. Theanimals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium 30 mg?kg~(-1) and mechanically ventilated thertracheal intubation (V_T 15 ml?kg~(-1), RR 18-20 bpm). Right femoral vein was cannulated for fluid administration(lactated Ringer's solution 0. 15 ml?kg~(-1)?min~(-1)) and right femoral artery was cannulated for BP monitoring. ECGwas continuously monitored. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A received only routineresuscitation treatment (control, n = 5); group B received dexamethasone 5 mg?kg~(-1) (n = 8) and group Cmethylprednisolone 30 mg?kg~(-1) (n = 8) after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 8 hours after resuscitationthe animals were anesthetized and three pieces of brain tissue were obtained from right parietal lobe for light andelectron microscopic examination and determination of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) contentsusing high-performance liquid chromatography- electrochemical technique (HPLC- ECD ). Results The DA and 5 -HT contents in parietal lobe of cortex were significantly decreased in group B and C as compared with group A (P

THE EFFECTS OF MONOAMINE ON CULTURED NEURONS / 解放军医学杂志

To study the toxicity of monoamine in high concentrations to neurons. Neurons were treated in vitro with different doses of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin for various lengths of time. The toxicity of these reagents on neurons was observed. Apoptosis of neurons was analyzed by agar electrophoresis, in situ DNA end labeling technique and flow cytometry. The results showed that a high concentration of monoamine could induce apoptosis of the culturing neurons. At 24h after treatment with dopamine or norepinephrine (80, 160 and 320?mol/L) as well as with 320?mol/L serotonin, apoptotic rates of neurons were significantly higher than that of the controls, respectively ( P